The recent completion of the human genome project has afforded new and exciting avenues for research that define the genetic basis for human disease. The research seeks to define the molecular basis of diverse diseases and identification of genetic determinants that predispose individuals to particular disease outcomes. Frequently the research groups combine the strengths of collaborations between clinicians and basic scientists and are making significant advances in translational research areas. These types of studies increase our understanding of basic disease mechanisms and provided new knowledge that may be employed in clinical management strategies.