Biotechnology can be defined as the use of various biological processes to make products and perform services. In biotechnology, living cells and biochemical macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA are applied in a rapidly expanding range of activities of direct benefit to society. Biotechnology is used for the production of pharmaceuticals, food and industrial chemicals, in the development of improved crops and livestock for farming, for environmental clean-up, and in forensics. Modern biotechnology makes practical use of the most recent scientific advances in areas such as molecular genetics and molecular cell biology. The development of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in the ability to create, modify and improve industrial organisms and to produce large quantities of any useful protein. Based on this technology, biopharmaceuticals including hormones, vaccines, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-inflammatory agents and new therapies for the treatment of cancer are being developed with the potential to revolutionise medicine. The sequencing of the human genome and the rapid emergence of high-throughput genomic and proteomic techniques is resulting in a surge of new drug targets. Translation of this advanced knowledge into useful therapies and improved medical practices requires the application of biotechnology. Microorganisms and viruses are being modified for use in controlling plant and animal diseases and pests. Diagnostic kits are being developed for use in forensic science and in product identification and quality control. Genetic improvements in agriculture, plants and animals are becoming a reality, as is the control of inborn genetic disorders in humans. The ability to treat diseased and injured organs with replacement cells and tissues generated outside of the body is advancing rapidly. The future for expansion in all the above areas is immense. Our ability to cope with many medical, environmental, agricultural and manufacturing problems in the 21st century will depend heavily on advances in biotechnology. Program Structure Students must complete 192 UOC as a standalone program. 1. 96 UOC of core courses in Stages 1 to 3 as specified below 2. 24 UOC of approved electives in Stages 2 and 3 3. 48 UOC of Honours year (Stage 4) 4. 12 UOC Free electives: these courses can be taken from any Faculty of the University. 5. 12 UOC General Education courses: these courses cannot be Science courses. Learning Outcomes Investigate and explain ethical and social issues of technology and innovation on society, individual health and the environment. Understand the fundamental science and emerging scientific research that underpins the biotechnology sector. Develop numerical, laboratory, bioprocessing and interpretative skills required for the specialised areas of biotechnology. Demonstrate the ability to apply the principles of teamwork, collaboration and communication through the development of laboratory/research reports and business cases in the cross-disciplinary context of biotechnology. Critically review and analyse scientific literature, derive hypotheses, design and perform experimental approaches, and analyse and communicate the findings, within the context of an Honours research project.