Students on this programme learn through a combination of lectures, tutorials, seminars, research-based group simulations, informal but scheduled one-on-one support, and self-directed learning, such as research, reading, and writing. All of these are supported by a state-of-the-art virtual learning environment, Durham University Online (DUO). Seminars and tutorials are much smaller groups than lectures, small enough to allow one-on-one interaction with tutors. Simulation exercises afford research-led experience of how knowledge of international relations applies to the real world, as well as group-working and communication skills. This emphasis on small-group and practical teaching reflects a conscious choice to enhance the quality of the learning experience rather than the quantity of formal sessions. In fact, the degree programme is designed to feature fewer formal sessions and more independent research as students move from their first to their final year.