The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is awarded by the University for research carried out under the supervision of at least two staff members. A PhD can also be presented as a PhD with Publication or a PhD with a Creative Practice Component. The research, which must be the candidate's own work, is written up as a thesis, and may include papers published or intended to be published. The thesis is required to present the case for the research, outline the research undertaken and the findings and conclusions of that research. There is no course work for this degree. Large businesses and organisations used to be structured as independent 'silos', with little cohesion - such as marketing, finance, accounting, and distribution - but that approach doesn't work anymore. Like a good team captain, a good management system brings different elements and individuals together for a common purpose. You'll learn about creating and maintaining operational efficiencies for business excellence through web-based technologies; strong information channels that deliver the data necessary for decision-making; and fluid supply-chains, ensuring well-connected flows of materials. Career opportunities Business analyst Information technology consultant Operations manager Project manager Supply chain manager Systems developer