The University of Edinburgh has an international reputation as a leading centre of research in science and technology studies (STS). Edinburgh scholars work around the globe on the social and historical aspects of developments in science and technology. Particular strengths in research include: the history and philosophy of science; the social shaping of technology; the history of medicine; the politics of controversies and public engagement with science and technology; science, technology and gender; the sociology of financial markets and emissions trading schemes; innovation in biotechnology and the life sciences; the development and use of information and communication technologies; innovation for sustainability; science and technology in developing countries.