Students will be registered initially for the Certificate of Postgraduate Study (CPGS) in Economics. In order to satisfy the requirements for the CPGS, students are required to undertake and pass 4 coursework modules plus attend the 'How to do Economics' lecture course; Write a research proposal (maximum length 10,000 words); attend workshops and seminars. Students will be considered for registration for the PhD in the Michaelmas Term of their 2nd year. To be registered for the PhD, students must have successfully completed the requirements for CPGS and submit an acceptable dissertation of not more than 20,000 words. The dissertation submitted must be of a standard that would enable it to form the basis of one-third of the student's eventual PhD thesis. This means that the dissertation submitted must contain research that could be expanded upon to constitute one-third of the PhD thesis. Once upgraded to PhD status, a student concentrates on his or her PhD dissertation. In general the thesis format is either in the form of a book divided into chapters, or of three or more connected articles; in either case, the Faculty has a strict limit of 60,000 words. As research progresses, there will be opportunities to present work in progress at research workshops attended by Faculty members and research students. PhD students will also be required to attend research seminars given by outside speakers and Faculty members.