Research within the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology covers a wide and exciting array of activities ranging from quite fundamental research in biology through to the traditional fields of chemical engineering. This PhD program is purely research-based with no taught components/lectures. Some academics will ask their PhD students to attend some lectures that are relevant to the research, but in such cases, the student does not undertake any of the assigned coursework or exams. Depending upon the project, funding, and collaborators, students may have the opportunity to spend time in industrial laboratories of project partners. After completing 3 years (9 terms) but no longer than 4 years, a PhD student must submit his/her thesis of up to 65,000 words. The thesis will be orally examined by two examiners, one who is internal and a second who external to the University.